The Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Essay Example for Free

The Health and Safety at meet Act 1974 EssayAll workers have a right to work in places where risks to their health and safety are properly controlled. Health and safety is about stopping you getting hurt at work or sick(p) through work. Your employer is responsible for health and safety, but you must help. What employers must do for you.Decide what could harm you in your job and the precautions to stop it. This is part of risk judicial decision in any way you can understand, explain how risks will be controlled and tell you who is responsible Consult and work with you and you health and safety representative in protecting everyone from harm and in the workplace Give you the health and safety training you need to do your job free charge. Free of charge, provide you with any equipment and protective clothing you need, and ensure it is properly looked after Provide toilets, washing facilities and drinking water Provide adequate first-aid facilities.

My Life Essay Example for Free

My Life EssayEveryone seems to ask themselves what do they really want from their life? What atomic number 18 we all really striving for? While large number should ask themselves what can they do to help others? When a person helps other they meet their physical and emotion need. Helping others also brings compassion and compassion equals a better society. From a person coming from a rich family they have much opportunities open to them to achieve what they want. While a person from a miser adequate family doesnt have the easy life compared to the person from the rich family. A person coming from a poor family has to go through more obstacles, and struggles to achieve what they want. When you in reality make that goal it feels you up with joy. My father works two pipelines and is still struggling to pay the bills. One of my goals is to have a stable career so that neither my mother and father have to worry about paying the bills on time. I would like to be a major league b aseball game player or a successful entrepreneur in the music business.At the beginning of each goal you will always stripe kafkaesque standards that you slowly but surely can adjust to become realistic. For now, my first major goal in high school is to recive a 3. 5 or higher. With that, good grades are necessary and I would, or rather, I will maintain As, and Bs in all of my classes. I believe with god grades I can accomplish much mre in life and have more opportunities. Followed up by that I would like to of course, graduate high school and set myself ready for whatever comes next in my life.And this would be entering a university of my choice such as Florida state university. I would like to be able to graduate high school with good grades and a high GPA to give me the opportunity to choose what university I would like to attend instead of having to go under for less. With major goals there also comes minor goals. My first minor goal is to be a good student. I would like to a ctually get on with my teachers and be able to comfortably communicate with them.With respect like if they were any other person. Throughout my years in school Ive learned that teachers are not only there to teach but their here to help and id very much like to have the opportunity to be helped by muckle who care and who can help me stay on the right track. My goals are set and I plan on achieve them no matter what because I never give up on a plan that I set myself up and that I know that I will do closely in. I Study whenever I get the chance to achieve my goal for a Gpa of 3. 5.I also train everyday whether Im at practice or not so I can have an advantage over the other players because I work harder and have more dedication to the sport that I love to play.Ive dedicated my heart into baseball because Ive been playing it since I was in elementary school I was raised to never give up on your goal and to fulfill it to the very end. I feel that I am the perfect man for the job and I would be very grateful if you gave me the opportunity to have this job. I am a hard worker I will stay on top of my work and do everything on time and will never slack off.

Perceived User Experience of Interactive Animated Transition

comprehend drug user Experience of interactional Animated TransitionPerceived drug user Experience of Interactive Animated Transitions in roving UserInterfaces and Visualisation Animated transitions hold an important part of graphical substance ab partr port cast practice. They can sponsor to guide users watchfulness and highlight changes in the port. Also entropy visualisation research has concentrated thus far on desktop PCs and larger displays bandage ports for more compact meandering(a) thingummy have been neglected. The aim is to wonder how user experience in mobile occupations are perceived by polar sustenance principles for animated transition and their visualisation before designing. In addition, the issue of visualisation is addressed by developing a set of low-level interface design guidelines for mobile information visualisation development. This is done by considering a basic set of interactions and relating these to mobile device limitations. The result s of various tests on suitability of disparate animated transitions for the study are reported. The findings provide insights in users intuition of vitality styles, therefore having implications for graphical user interface design practice along with the interface visualisation for different displays.KEYWORDS Interface design, visualisation, animation transition, user experienceThe beginning of the 21st century has been marked by the proliferation of increasingly powerful mobile figure devices. There are currently over 2.23 billion mobile phone users and over 1.75 billion smartphone users worldwide meaning that a remarkable 31% of the worldwide population now own a mobile phone and around 25% already have a smartphone Lee and Lee 2014. Moreover, after Chang and Ungar promoted the use of animation for user interface (UI) design, a controversial debate on its twine on user experience (UX) emerged. Animation has become a standard design element in User Interfaces and figure in de sign guidelines of leading software companies such as Microsoft, Google and Apple after more than 20 years.Information visualisations help us to think using data. Information visualisation techniques have been found to be particularly useful for the analysis of large-scale data and entangled data in areas such as gene expression analysis and financial data analysis. Indeed, this push towards larger scale data and more multiform data analysis is a possible reason why information visualisation research has focused on larger displays, since larger displays are inherently more suitable for larger datasets. Also, Disneys cartoon animation principles are comparable to design guideline rules and help designing the style of an animation. To evaluate their influence on UX some of these principles have been analyzed experimentally.The perception that there is essentially a proportional relationship in the midst of the amount of information that can be displayed in an interface, or at leas t an interface that is comfortable to use, and the dimensions of the display space. This leads some authors to conclude that a smaller display can only be used efficaciously for aggregates and overviews of the data Chittaro 2006. Animation can be applied to various design cases in User Interfaces. However, only appropriate use can enhance the experience. unalike states of a User Interface are connected through the use of animation transition which are considered to be effective in guiding attention and explaining change. duration there is certainly a strong case for limiting our expectations of what can be achieved on mobile devices, it is felt that this needs to be match by a realistic evaluation of the potential benefits of mobile device information visualisation and the opportunities to improve mobile interfaces through inventive and thoughtful design. While mobile devices, by their very nature, will continue to have limited display space. Other device limitations such as limi ted processing and art capabilities are rapidly disappearing. And other useful features such as global positioning, tactile feedback and voice recognition are being added. Moreover, the natural application ground of mobile devices has expanded from activities that need to be performed on a mobile device. People are now using increasingly sophisticated applications on mobile devices and application developers need to either cater to this trend or find themselves left behind. This undoubtedly includes information visualisation developers who need to leverage new and change device capabilities to support mobile visualisation.To summarize, UX can be influenced positively by animations in User Interfaces, but the perception of it may depend upon its purpose and animation style. A wide range of animation styles are used in the literature on animation and UX which varies in design purpose used in the experimental tasks. With regard to UX within a constant design purpose, thorough compar isons of different animation styles are missing, making it difficult to distinctively evaluate the influence on UX. The changes in perception of UX would be clarified by conducting such a comparable study with animation style. There are indeed a number of researchers who recognize the potential of mobile visualisation and have proposed some useful general guidelines for their design. These tell us that the interface should be simple and user should be able to interact more directly with the data rather than have to operate menus and controls Lee et al. 2012. Others suggest that interaction should be fluid and flow seamlessly between different functionsRobertsetal.2014.2 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONFor the underlying study, UX can be defined by relying on the working model as proposed by Hassenzahl. Hassenzahl real the 2 questionnaire in order to measure perception of users of digital products with regard to pragmatic and hedonic quality as well as the overall excel lence and beauty which is called attrakdiff. The attrakdiff lite version, a shortened questionnaire consisting of 10 items is used for the study. Each item consists of adjective pairs that represent opposite poles. 7point Likert-type scale ranging from -3 to +3 is used for order items.In the planned study it is sought to clarify how different animation styles influence the perceived User Experience. The research in this area either failed to investigate only parts of objective User Experience or to examine this relation due to its methodological approach. Furthermore, there is very little knowledge to the highest degree the principles of exaggeration in interface design. Therefore it can be keenly seen whether different animation styles differ in their effect on UX. Further, it has been sought to investigate whether the animation style or its combination with an animated transition are responsible for possible differences in UX.Also, in this paper guidelines are used to pee-pee s ome case study applications by taking a lower-level approach to consider how proper(postnominal) aspects of information visualisation design should be implemented on mobile devices. This allows us to draft a set of guidelines that can be used to either adapt existing information visualisation applications for mobile use or begin considering which techniques to employ in the design of new applications.Issues considered while implementation of interaction for development of a set of draft guidelines for mobile visualisation interface design are as followsInspectionSelecting an objectSelecting an areaMoving an objectScrollingEntering textBe aware of the situations in which the application is likely to be used and adapt the interface accordingly for sporadic, hands-free or one handed use.Use techniques that make more efficient use of getable screen space or do not require accurate selections.Keep text and selection targets above a constant device specific minimum size and scale other elements of these constraints.Dont display too much information on the screen at the same time.Use virtual buttons to shed between different types of selection.Dont allow important information to be hidden by the users finger during interaction.By conducting this study is sought to contribute to the research on User Interface animation with several insights. It is hoped to indicate whether users generally perceive differences in User Experience depending on animation style know to which dimensions of User Experience, the compared animation styles may contribute and find whether the animation itself or its combination with a transition is responsible for the evaluation of User experience. Furthermore, it is expected to provide implications for interface design. The insights into the perception of animation could help interface designers to apply animation principles more purposefully to their aim. Our findings could further contribute to the understanding of widespread animated tran sitions and indicate whether their perception differs between users of different mobile operating systems. Last, it is expected that this study to set the scene for related research on animated transitions, animation style and User Experience in graphical User Interfaces. Also, a set of guidelines for the design of mobile information visualisation applications has been drafted through an analysis of different forms of interaction and device limitations. These guidelines are applied to the design of various applications which use visualisation techniques that can be applied with inaccurate touch-screen selection and, crucially, make the display more interactional to allow the user to view more of the data over time without saturating the limited display space. The additional cognitive load of having to interact more with the data and having less of the data shown at any one time is reduced by using animation to smooth the transition between successive views. These earlier results s uggest that information visualisation on mobile devices can be more capable than it was previously imagined and that interaction and animation will be a key part of the implementation of effective information visualisation interfaces for more challenging data-sets and more demanding user requirements.UI User InterfaceUX User ExperienceBenedikt Merz, Alexandre N. Tuch, Klaus Opwis. Perceived User Experience of Animated Transitions in Mobile User Interfaces(Santa Clara, California, USA-May 07, 2016)Paul Craig. Interactive Animated Mobile Information Visualisation(Kobe, Japan-November 02-06, 2015)Daniel Liddle.Emerging Guidelines for Communicating with Animation in Mobile User Interfaces(Silver Spring, MD, USA-September 23-24, 2016)

Why Did Euro Disney Fail But Disneyland Successed History Essay

Why Did Euro Disney Fail But Disneyland Successed History Essay legion(predicate) of Businesses in America make particular assumptions ab break the potential of expand their ancestry to other countries and structural models of organizing which can be easily fai take to consider the ethnical differences. One of the examples of the outcome to intercultural business is Disney Corporations European venture. Due to lack of cultural information of France as well as Europe, further on their inability to forecast problems, Disney acquired a huge debt. False assumptions led to a great loss of time, money and even reputation for corporation itself. Instead of analyzing and learning from its potential visitors, Disney chose to make assumptions rough the preference of Europeans, which turned out that most of those assumptions were wrong.2 CASE DESCRIPTIONSUntil 1992, the Walt Disney Company had experienced nonhing merely success in the proposition park business. Its first park, Disneyland, opened in Anaheim, California, in 1955. Its theme song, Its a Small World subsequently All, promoted an idealized vision of America spiced with reassuring glimpses of exotic cultures all calculated to promote heartwarming feelings about living together as one happy family. at that place were dark tunnels and bumpy rides to scare the children a little unless none of the terrors of the real beingness . . . The Disney characters that everyone knew from the cartoons and comic books were on hand to shepherd the guests and to direct them to the Mickey Mouse watches and Little Mermaid records. The Anaheim park was an instant success. In the 1970s, the triumph was repeated in Florida, and in 1983, Disney proved the Japanese in like manner have an affinity for Mickey Mouse with the successful opening of Tokyo Disneyland. Having wooed the Japanese, Disney executives in 1986 turned their attention to France and, much specifically, to Paris, the self-proclaimed groovy of European high c ulture and style. Why did they pick France? many asked. When word first got out that Disney valued to build another international theme park, officials from more than 200 locations all over the world descended on Disney with pleas and cash inducements to work the Disney magic in their hometowns. But Paris was chosen because of demographics and subsidies. About 17 meg Europeans live less than a two-hour drive from Paris. Another 310 million can fly there in the same time or less. Also, the cut governance was so eager to attract Disney that it offered the company more than $1 billion in various incentives, all in the expectation that the project would create 30,000 cut jobs. From the beginning, cultural gaffes by Disney set the tone for the project. By late 1986, Disney was deep in negotiations with the French government. To the exasperation of the Disney team, headed by Joe Shapiro, the talks were taking far day grand than expected. Jean-Rene Bernard, the chief French negotiato r, said he was astonished when Mr. Shapiro, his patience depleted, ran to the door of the room and, in a very un-Gallic gesture, began kicking it repeatedly, shouting, Get me something to break There was also snipping from Parisian intellectuals who attacked the trans meantation of Disneys dream world as an assault on French culture a cultural Chernobyl, one heavy(p) intellectual called it. The minister of culture announced he would boycott the opening, proclaiming it to be an unwelcome symbol of American clichs and a consumer society. Unperturbed, Disney pushed ahead with the planned spend 1992 opening of the $5 billion park. Shortly after Euro-Disneyland opened, French farmers drove their tractors to the entrance and blocked it. This globally televised act of protest was aimed not at Disney but at the US government, which had been demanding that French agricultural subsidies be cut. Still, it focused world attention upon the loveless marriage of Disney and Paris. Then there were the operational errors. Disneys policy of dower no alcohol in the park, since reversed caused astonishment in a country where a glass of wine for lunch is a given. Disney thought that Monday would be a light day for visitors and Friday a heavy one and allocated staff accordingly, but the reality was the reverse. Another unpleasant surprise was the hotel breakfast debacle. We were told that Europeans dont take breakfast, so we downsized the restaurants, recalled one Disney executive. And guess what? Everybody showed up for breakfast. We were trying to serve 2,500 breakfasts in a 350-seat restaurant at some of the hotels. The lines were horrendous. Moreover, they didnt want the typical French breakfast of croissants and coffee, which was our assumption. They wanted bacon and eggs. Lunch turned out to be another problem. Everybody wanted lunchat 1230. The crowds were huge. Our smiling cast subdivisions had to calm down surly patrons and maneuver in some behavior modification to tea ch them that they could eat lunch at 1100 AM or 200 PM. There were major staffing problems too. Disney attempt to use the same teamwork model with its staff that had worked so well in America and Japan, but it ran into trouble in France. In the first nine weeks of Euro-Disneylands operation, most 1,000 employees, 10 percent of the total, left. One originator employee was a 22-yearold medical student from a nearby town who signed up for a weekend job. After two days of brainwashing, as he called Disneys training, he left following a dispute with his supervisor over the timing of his lunch hour. Another former employee noted, I dont think that they realize what Europeans are like . . . that we ask questions and dont think all the same way.One of the biggest problems, however, was that Europeans didnt stay at the park as long as Disney expected. While Disney succeeded in getting close to 9 million visitors a year through the park gates, in line with its plans, most stayed single a day or two. Few stayed the four to five days that Disney had hoped for. It seems that most Europeans regard theme position as places for day excursions. A theme park is just not seen as a destination for an extended vacation. This was a big shock for Disney. The company had invested billions in building luxury hotels future(a) to the park-hotels that the day-trippers didnt need and that stood half empty most of the time. To make matters worse, the French didnt show up in the expected numbers. In 1994, only 40 percent of the parks visitors were French. One puzzled executive noted that many visitors were Americans living in Europe or, stranger still, Japanese on a European vacation As a proceeds, by the end of 1994 Euro-Disneyland had cumulative losses of $2 billion. At this point, Euro-Disney changed its strategy. First, the company changed the name to Disneyland Paris in an attempt to strengthen the parks identity. Second, nutrition and fashion offerings changed. To quote one ma nager, We opened with restaurants providing French-style food service, but we found that customers wanted self service like in the US parks. Similarly, products in the boutiques were initially toned down for the French market, but since then the range has changed to give it a more definite Disney image. Third, the prices for day tickets and hotel rooms were cut by one-third. The result was an attendance of 11.7 million in 1996, up from a low of 8.8 million in 1994.3 ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS3.1 Problems and underlying cultural differencesThe Case of Euro Disneyland can wager a lack of cultural focus and awareness of concept which was a globalization of the Disney Corporation. Difficulties that Disney Corporation met are typical for a multinational corporation which has not implemented cross cultural management and strategies. In fact, Disney Corporation failed to adapt to the French environment and to foresee the influences of foreign and domestic factors. Organization and management relied in the main on American cultures, experiences, and understanding. By not identifying certain cultural differences, Euro Disneyland created an environment that was not acceptable by the European culture itself.Cultural differences between the US and France has been ignored by Disney. One of the themes of Euro-Disneyland was American. Like other Disneyland in other places, Disney followed one of its two major traditions of not serving wine, despite the attitude among the French that alcohol was a fundamental right. And also restaurants were all American foods. The only exception is fantasyland which re-created European fables. The recipes in American restaurants were also indistinctly fitted for European tastes. As a consequence, different regional American food was introduced to Americanize the Disneyland in Europe.Intention of Euro Disneyland was to continue Disneys traditional design in that it divided up the many features and attractions of other Disneyland. Wide spread market research was conducted and also the cultural adaptation was expressed in such things as designs for park, standards for employees, and habits for eating. In the research, Disneyland was among the backsheesh three tourist spots for Europeans when they want to travel U.S., Euro Disney emphasized on making the Disneyland extremely American to visitors. The hotels, rides, and themes of the Disneyland were mostly named in a way of an American flavor, appealing to the European appetite for an American experience.However, the Euro Disneyland received many complaints from the visitors that Euro Disneyland is too Americanized. Some of the associations and the media in France have expressed cruel criticisms condemning the risk of cultural imperialism by Euro Disney. Appearance of Americanized Disneyland in Europe would encourage damaging American brand of consumerism. For some others, Euro Disney became the symbol of America and even of anti-American parties.Disney was tried to film employees of different nationalities proportional to expected visitor as 45% of French, 30% of other Europeans, 15% of outside of Europe, but most of the visitors were from France. Disneylands employees were trained by managers and supervisors to determine high quality of services and reliable managerial practices. While European managers were trained at other theme parks, foreign managers were also sent to Euro Disney to work. Although Euro Disney in the first place hired Europeans to work in the park, most of the top managerial places were held by the hands of American experts.Standards of judgment for the jobs in Disneyland were criticized by applicants, and the press. The argument revolved virtually Disneys grooming requirements. Euro Disney insisted on a strict dress code which was much stricter than other jobs such as a ban on facial blur and colored stockings, standards for neat hair and fingernails, and even a policy of appropriate undergarments. So applicants felt that requirements were unnecessary for a job like cast member of theme park.One of the challenges that Disney faced was convincing the French cast members to break their cultural hatred of smiling and of impoliteness to visitors. While Euro Disney successfully trained cast members, but more than 1,000 employees left their jobs within the first nine weeks of opening of Euro Disneyland. Main reason why they left was long working hours at the park. And managers couldnt understand the European habits and ethics of work, and the working style was not the Europeans were used to in the past. 3.2 Solutions and recommendationsEuro Disney needs to take controls of the management resolution and analyzation of their problems and concerns based on their own practice in other places. Thus, there is also the essential need of understanding and appropriate plans for the gap of cultural differences such as acknowledging the characteristics and attitudes of the national Europeans in terms of the business knowing what can work on mutually both sides and accomplishing good marketing strategies which can work for Euro Disneyland.Euro Disney should incorporate with some customary European aspects in order to accommodate the preferences of European visitors and French. Euro Disney already brought out the foods from the world. Many restaurants fortunately were custom-made to the European of less spicy food. Only one of the parks which called Fantasy land carried European dishes out, which have a variety of origins such as Germany, Spain and so forth.It seems the visitors are waiting long lines for rides or food since there was no regulations and no tolerance of such practices in France or even in Europe. So this matter also caused weak attendance.The financial and business plan moldiness undertake concrete evaluation and perhaps Euro Disney can use some other plans and strategies which can help changing the structure of the park, framework of the formulation serve into a modernized one and convincing visitors to choose Euro Disney over any other parks by having some special events such as discounts and gifts.3.3 Lessons letteredUntil such time that problem faced Euro Disney by false assumptions and wrong plans, Disney seemed to perfect theme park as it never did a mistake or such a failure. In case, some mistakes were obviously shown in the result.We can learn several lessons from this Euro Disneyland case. As we plan, we should always have concrete business planning before deciding on the actual process of the project, applying all the potential needs and understanding cultural differences.Also, value of the financing control is also a lesson and that in every aspect of business function, integrated assumptions concerning to financial problems should be improved and value of managing menaces has to be accurately reviewed and to be trained with positive thoughts and motivation in order to solve problems and concerns in every business environment.5 CONCLUSIONSThe business performance of Euro Disneyland was not that great and stable. It couldnt have right assumptions on the European market and there has been cruel European recession such as increase in interest rates and French currency value. The preliminary plan was not ample and accurate in providing resolutions to Disney problems and concerns that arisen.A major criticism on Euro Disneyland was that it is neither international nor French in nature, and it failed to satisfy Europeans at all. Many of the visitors could not figure it out the theme of Euro Disneyland that whether it is going to be a European park, an American park, or a French park. In the meantime, the cost for Euro Disneyland was also an issue for some visitors. Many of the French visitors had been discouraged from coming because of the cost such as housing cost, souvenirs, admission cost and so forth. Attendance was unbroken on decreasing and the company of course, had great financial loss.Euro Disney gave people who cou ldnt afford to go to America an identical experience as same as in America. However, the Euro Disney was failed to please French visitors, even European visitors but made them to complain about the long lines, and poor service.

Feminine Hygiene Products Advertising Analysis

Feminine Hygiene Products Advertising AnalysisFulya Felicity TrkmenPerceptions on the Idealized Image of Women in TV Ads RevisitedThe Example of Sanitary Napkin AdvertisementsIntroduction and MethodsThis study has two parts The first part gave me a perspective and understanding about how to read and measure out an advertisement. In this federal agency, I could determine some criteria to decode the lingual and non linguistic components of the sanitary serviette advertisements. I watched 35 sanitary napkin advertisements but I did non choose to make a quantitative analysis since it would be too hard to assure the data manu anyy. Instead of this, I chose the qualitative methods. I made certain groups based on the determining characteristics of the advertisements and I evaluated only one advertisement for severally group such as one for blue liquid casing and one for mini bid type advertisements. My first thesis was assuming that advertisements argon a part of the re crossingio n of discourses on charrhood by supporting the idealized images of womanhood. But as I go on watching the advertisements I in addition noticed that they create some stigmas about the taboo on current and feminine hygiene. This is why I also included the part menstruation as embarassment as a component of the perceptions on womanhood. In the presentation I used the expression of hidden capacitys by referring to the use of lingual and non linguistic components of the advertisements which are telling women some social function other than the features of the products and promising them issues whch are not directly relevant with the product itself at first sight. While doing these, I also tried and true to track down the transformation of advertisements since it was legally allowed to do advertising on sanitary napkins to see what has changed since the beginning.Advertisements Now and ThenPreviously, advertisements were less complicated than they are nowadays and on that point wa s only one goal to achieve with the simplest ways to make people buy a certain product by explaining its specific or variousiating features. Thus, production or supply of the products was determined according to the demands of the societies. today, we see the constant creation of new demands and increasement of the existing ones. In this new order, advertisement has perish a tool to create consent for more consumption. In this way, social utility has also become the utility of the capital owners but these are presented as if they unperturbed accomodate social benefits.Media a great power of influencing and directing the society. In advertisements, this power manifests itself through the chain of product, production and consumption. In this way, products go beyond the production processes and factories and they become a part of the media culture. Although the basic motivation behind the advertisements is simply selling more products, there is no advertisement which only gives inf ormation about product to motivate people for buying it. Beyond this simple aim, each advertisement has a message that would be received by for potential consumers via several(predicate) canals. Today we observe that the symbols and images take a precedence over the product itself most of the age.In the science of semiotics, it is rubriced that stigmas are open to different interpretations and they can have different meanings in different contexts. Thus, we receive different messages via signs and attribute them to different meaning while we communicate. We receive these signs with our many senses such as audial or visual. Saussure argues that the sign dynamic has two components A form of the sign and its meaning, respectively, the signifier and the signified. Thus, languages which enable us to communicate through different sounds or written symbols are authoritative and they are subjected to change in time. They are only as of the essence(predicate) as their function in the conference rather than their historical importance or features. Therefore, language is in a constant state of change which includes its reconstruction and re-analyze through the changing social relations and discourses.According to Williamson, semiotics is composed of thing and meaning as well. The important thing here is not how a certain word or term is formed but how it is shared and establish itself in the daily expressions.Williamson takes the issue of advertisement as a determinant of culture and everyday practices. These practices are mainly there to sell products but at the same time they make properties to mean something for us. They present and promote the idea of being a certain kind of person. The language of this promotion is not a singular one it rather changes according to different times and cultures. For instance, I observed that many brands use different advertisements for the promotion of sanitary napkins in different countries according to these countries cultur al norms and values. The portrayal of a certain ideal type is given in the advertisements but at the same time this ideal type is linked to the certain products through messages. For instance, delikanl kzlar molped kullanr. The construction of these linkages occurs over long processes. Thus, connections are made between people and objects are made. So, we should take the sign for what it signifies, the thing becomes the symbol of a feeling. Material things we need are made to represent the other non- material things we need. The point of exchange between two is where meaning is produced. (Williamson, 2000)What an advertisement actually does is to show and give audiences an object of desire. When a product is used altogether by women, female image and female sexuality is packed up with the product and presented to the women again. In our case, the object of desire could be manifested as youth, freedom, happiness, a good career, etc. In the advertisements, what is not shown or expres sed, in other spoken communication absences are as important as what are present. For instance, advertisements can show what people actually want to be like in this way.According to Crook, there are two main dimensions which reflect the distinction between the linguistic and the non-linguistic components of commercials that should be taken into account. These are the product- claim dimension and reward dimension. (Crook, 2004)When product claim dimension is used, some information or claims of the producers are presented to the consumers in the form of physical outcomes and benefits. For instance, in our case of sanitary napkins, this could be dryness. There usually is a superimposed linguistic message and/ or a message which is given by a voiceover, a narrator or a mini looseness with one or a few highlighted characters. The use of reward dimension targets the more emotional side of the audiences. The benefits and offers are emotional and more abstract. For instance, in our case, this could be the address of intimacy or modernity. As it can be deducted from this example, the benefits may not seem such related with the product itself at the first sight. The tools of non-verbal communication such as colors and music are used in these types of advertisements.The Construction of Menstruation as EmbarrassmentMenstruation is accepted, portrayed and presented as an ill at ease(p) healthy trouble which needs to stay hidden and covered up in the public realm, specifically from men. It is also seen as an obstruct on the way of achieving to the standardized and ideal womanhood norms as Evans also points outs. Menstruation stood in the way, as a threat to a womans reaching the ideal of beautiful womanhood, (Evans, 1995, p. 25) entirely of these negative connotations helped the construction of menstruation as embarrassment for females.As an historical inheritance, this problem is limited to the ones private sphere. Thus, offering solution to this hygienic problem can easily be considered as overruling ones privacy. Advertisers observed that there might be negative reactions occurring, as viewers evaluate these advices as a violation of their liberties and privacy. In the specific type of commercial that we are trying to explore here, the producers of the advertisements could be accused of taking the liberty of talking about a private issue because these advertisements postulate the existence of a problem and describe menstruation as a barrier with discomforting symptoms which put limits on ones mental and physical actions.Therefore, there is a message of You need these hygienic products to hide and relieve your embarrassment and stay pure and clean. otherwise you would be stained and feel ashamed and dirty. For instance, Kotex started a series of advertisement which are based on a simple question to women What supernatural things do you do on your special days? In the series, a famous actress took part and filmed doing weird things such as ca rrying a awkwardly huge bag to hide her back, getting extremely angry out of little issues or taking photos of herself to check whether there is any stains caused by her period.The fabrication of the Magical Youth and BeautyWith the rise of the youth culture, advertisers shifted even more from health and safety to youth and beauty. Youth and all things modern have been idealized. (Del Saz-Rubio and Pennock-Speck, 2009) The advertisements that I watched were proving this statement since all women that took place in these advertisements were at the age of 17-25 or 30 at most. Moreover, the older women were portrayed as role models and advisers in the advertisements and they were not on the focus. Since all women are potential customers until they step into the menopause (age 45-50 on average), there should be another motive behind this choice. As another important point, there is a set of standardized beauty norms in these advertisements. For instance, there was no over weighted woma n in any of the sanitary napkin advertisement I watched or analyzed. All of the women were conformed to the widely accepted body norms and standards. So, the modern woman is idealized at being young, free and normatively beautiful and the message of youth knows it better is given.Although sanitary napkins are started to produce from mid-1980s, its advertisement was not legally and culturally possible until 1920s. First, sanitary napkin advertisements started to take place in womens magazines such as Vogue in 1920s. Then, in 1970s it became legally possible for sanitary napkin brands to do advertising on television system and radio. There were still a lot of written and unwritten rules For instance, these advertisements are shown during daytime which is considered as womens TV time, rather than prime time hours. Moreover, it still stayed as a controversial issue and many opposed to this new situation. We can evaluate this new era as a sufferance phase in which blue liquid advertise ments appeared in the scene. For a long time, blue liquid tests in laboratory environment are used all around the world, as well as in Turkey.The Messages in the Sanitary Napkin AdvertisementsAlthough the first advertisements focused on the promotion of the product by canvas the diffferent brands such as Orkid vs. Sanitary Napkin with labaratory experiments, this method has been abandoned by many brands recently or they were started to support by some charachters and mini drama scripts. The technique of placing highly imposed linguistic message has also been abandoned for the purpose of decreasing the sense of intrusion to private life and decisions directly. Instead of that, a mini drama script and some famous actresses that became public figures and whose consumption habits become trends and followed by the consumers are used.When it comes to the spaces which are used in these advertisements are also important as one of the non-linguistic components. As I observed, the place is c hosen as ones which are most far away from the main issue. One would look that bathrooms are used in these advertisements but instead of this, broad and bright spaces are used in interior shootings and crowded and alive urban landscapes for orthogonal shootings. The message and intention of this choice is to decrease the possible uneasiness of the viewers with the presupposition that menstruation is a disturbing issue which needs not to be talked or displayed with direct references to it. It should be softened and hidden as much as possible. Another message about the places is the emphasis on the modern and urbanized woman who is a part of the dynamic city life. For instance, Molped and Orkid gave this message and Orkid even conducted a promotion campaign with its zgr kz Nil Karaibrahimgil. This image is created exclusively for the campaign and she is portrayed as a free and strong woman who is capable of having a career and children at the same time. Thus, here we see that produc ts promise modernization, urbanization and freedom to women according to new type of ideal woman. Therefore, we see that advertisement also impose a certain life style on women by using identification techniques.

The Lilies of the Field :: essays papers

Vocabulary From The Lilies of the Field Amiable- to be friendly and noble. A sculptor would cause interpreted the features in terms of character, only if home run Smiths mother had once said of him that he was two parts amiable and one part plain devil.Antagonism- to be angry hostile.bell ringer felt antagonism stir in him, but it was a fine day and he was carrying the day in his spirit.Pantomime- a routine She went through the play of shaking hands with one of the nuns and he told her what she was doing, pointing out the you and the her. Segregated- to be set separated from others.If you learn English from me, he said apologetically, youre sure liberal going to get yourselves segregated some places.Dilemma- a problem that has multiple solutions but all having a downfall. She did not have the authority to except gifts, but she lacked the vocabulary necessary to refuse acceptance or to explain her dilemma.Debris- Left over wreckage.The warmth of the day touched his skin and h e was looking toward the debis in the foundation. Alternative- another way or idea. He created a refuse pile that would have to be leveled off some day but he had no alternative and it did not worry him. Ultimately- above all else She wants a place ultimately for poor boys from the city Spanish-speaking boys who get in trouble. Exultation- rejoice lonesomeness had long since dropped away from him and he felt exultation. Elude- escaped He wanted to mingle his voice with these others but the words eluded him so long as he regarded them as words when he plan of them merely as sounds, they made a pattern in his mind. Reverence- purity. When he walked to the station wagon, he was empty of thought but was filled with the throbbing sound, a happy feeling of reverence. Dismay- to be afraid. The expenditure dismayed him but he assured himself that he would pay the funds back to his fund out of his pay on Friday.Voracious- hungry He turned to his right on a rutted road and the nuns were in the field, on the job(p) on their variegated crop, fighting for their growing stuff against weeds and voracious insects and the parched dryness of the soil. Reluctant- unwilling. He did not know whether he would still have a job with Livingston Construction Company and he was reluctant to leave his own job unguarded.

A Tale of Two Cities Essay: Vengeance and Blood :: Tale Two Cities Essays

Vengeance and lineage in A Tale of  Two Cities   In A Tale of  Two Cities, Charles Dickens depicts how pointless the revolutionbecomes when the victor goal of equality becomes at sea when the fretfulness,frustration, and desire for revenge of the third estate is fin bothydischarged.  The trial of Charles Darnay, the words and actions of Madame Defarge, and use of symbolism and foreshadowing show how anger  drove the revolution to a state of pointlessness. One major reason the revolution became out of hand was due tounscrupulous people running the courts and the captivity of  innocentpeople for no reason.  Charles Darnay happens to be a character in diretrouble, when he finds himself being imprisoned and tried before an unjusttribunal.  Darnay was a wealthy man who leave France, but returned to helpa former servant and was accused by the public prosecutor as anemigrant, whose life was resign to the Republic, under the decree whichbanished all( a) emigrants on pain of Death (413).  One way to impose revengeon the higher classes was to sentence them to death for pocket-size or noreason, which was the fibre with Darnay.  At his second trial Darnayrealized that before the unjust Tribunal, there was little or no orderof procedure, ensuring to either accused person every reasonable hearing. There could have been no such Revolution, if all laws, forms, andceremonies, had no first been so monstrously abused, that the suicidal revenge of the Revolution was to scatter them all to the winds (457). The chaotic and murderous atmosphere within the courts reflected thefrenzied state that lay outside of its dreaded doors.  Another example ofrevenge can be seen in the character Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge represents the people in France who gave in to hate tosatisfy the hurt and pain that had churned inside of them for so long, andis finally released in murder and acts of revenge.  She was a charrwithout pity and v irtue.  For it was nothing to her, that an innocentman was to die  for the sins of his forefathers she saw, not him, butthem.  It was nothing to her, that his wife was to be made a widow and hisdaughter an orphan that was insufficient punishment, because they wereher natural enemies and her prey, and as such had no right to live (524).  Many people showed this same type of vindictiveness, which createda curtain that blocked the certain goal of the third estate.A Tale of Two Cities Essay Vengeance and Blood Tale Two Cities Essays Vengeance and Blood in A Tale of  Two Cities   In A Tale of  Two Cities, Charles Dickens depicts how pointless the revolutionbecomes when the original goal of equality becomes lost when the anger,frustration, and desire for revenge of the third estate is finallydischarged.  The trial of Charles Darnay, the words and actions of Madame Defarge, and use of symbolism and foreshadowing show how anger  drove the revolution to a state of pointlessness. One major reason the revolution became out of hand was due tounscrupulous people running the courts and the imprisonment of  innocentpeople for no reason.  Charles Darnay happens to be a character in diretrouble, when he finds himself being imprisoned and tried before an unjusttribunal.  Darnay was a wealthy man who left France, but returned to helpa former servant and was accused by the public prosecutor as anemigrant, whose life was forfeit to the Republic, under the decree whichbanished all emigrants on pain of Death (413).  One way to impose revengeon the higher classes was to sentence them to death for little or noreason, which was the case with Darnay.  At his second trial Darnayrealized that before the unjust Tribunal, there was little or no orderof procedure, ensuring to any accused person any reasonable hearing. There could have been no such Revolution, if all laws, forms, andceremonies, had no first been so monstrously abu sed, that the suicidalvengeance of the Revolution was to scatter them all to the winds (457). The chaotic and murderous atmosphere within the courts reflected thefrenzied state that lay outside of its dreaded doors.  Another example ofrevenge can be seen in the character Madame Defarge. Madame Defarge represents the people in France who gave in to hate tosatisfy the hurt and pain that had churned inside of them for so long, andis finally released in murder and acts of revenge.  She was a womanwithout pity and virtue.  For it was nothing to her, that an innocentman was to die  for the sins of his forefathers she saw, not him, butthem.  It was nothing to her, that his wife was to be made a widow and hisdaughter an orphan that was insufficient punishment, because they wereher natural enemies and her prey, and as such had no right to live (524).  Many people showed this same type of vindictiveness, which createda curtain that blocked the original goal of the thi rd estate.